Coincident microphone techniques involve placing two or more microphones very close together to capture sound from the same point, which helps minimize phase issues and creates a stereo image. These techniques are commonly used in various recording situations to achieve a balanced and coherent sound. ## XY  The XY technique involves placing two cardioid microphones with their capsules as close together as possible, typically at a 90-degree angle. This setup ensures that the microphones capture sound from slightly different perspectives, creating a realistic stereo image with good mono compatibility. This method is ideal for large diaphragm microphones, which can capture a wide range of frequencies with great detail. For detailed instructions on how to perform the XY technique with large diaphragm microphones, read the [SoundOnSound article.](https://www.soundonsound.com/sound-advice/q-how-should-mount-pair-akg-c414s "Link")  Here’s a two-part series showing how an engineer uses XY techniques in the studio. ## ORTF The ORTF (Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française) technique involves placing two cardioid microphones 17 cm apart at an angle of 110 degrees. This setup mimics the spacing and angle of human ears, providing a natural stereo image with excellent localization and depth. The ORTF technique captures a realistic sense of space and directionality, making it ideal for recording orchestras, choirs, and other ensemble performances. By balancing direct sound with ambient room reflections, ORTF delivers a spacious and immersive listening experience.  ## Blumlein The Blumlein technique involves placing two bi-directional (figure-8) microphones at a 90-degree angle to each other, with their capsules coinciding at the same point. This setup captures a full 360-degree stereo image, making it ideal for recording natural ambiance and acoustic environments. The Blumlein technique excels in capturing the spatial characteristics of a room, providing a realistic and immersive listening experience. It’s particularly effective for recording ensembles, orchestras, and solo performances in acoustically rich settings, as it captures both direct sound and reflections from the surroundings.  ## Mid-Side The Mid-Side (MS) technique involves using two microphones: one cardioid (mid) microphone pointed directly at the sound source and one bi-directional (side) microphone placed at a 90-degree angle to the mid microphone. The mid microphone captures the direct sound, while the side microphone captures the ambient sound from the sides. This technique allows for flexibility in adjusting the width of the stereo image during post-production by varying the level of the side signal. MS recording is highly versatile and provides excellent mono compatibility. Watch the following video for more info: ## Curated Resource Watch this video on various stereo microphone techniques.