A gymnosperm is a type of seed-producing plant that is characterized by having seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary. Instead, the seeds develop on the surface of scales or leaves, often forming cones. Gymnosperms are a major group of plants that include conifers like pines and spruces, cycads, ginkgo, and gnetophytes. They are typically woody plants and are primarily known for their role in forest ecosystems and as sources of lumber and other products. Understanding gymnosperms is fundamental for comprehending plant evolution and the ecological dynamics of forests. ![[Pasted image 20250122203250.webp|900]]